تخمین همزمان مارک ـ آپ و بازدهی نسبت به مقیاس در صنایع کارخانه‌ای ایران

نویسندگان
سمیه اعظمی
ساجده جلیلیان
مریم احمدی
دانشگاه رازی
10.18869/acadpub.jemr.7.25.183
چکیده
در این مقاله مارک آپ و بازدهی نسبت به مقیاس 19 صنعت کارخانه‌ای ایران در کد دو رقمی ISIC به طور همزمان در طی سال‌های 86-1374 مطابق با دو رهیافت پسماند سولو و ساختاری برآورد می‌شود. بر اساس رهیافت پسماند سولو فرض نئوکلاسیکی بازدهی ثابت نسبت به مقیاس در 95 درصد صنایع کارخانه‌ای تأیید می‌شود ضمن اینکه در 84 درصد صنایع کارخانه‌ای قیمت به طور معنی داری بیش از هزینه نهایی است. بر اساس رهیافت ساختاری 53 درصد صنایع کارخانه‌ای ایران به طور معنی داری بازدهی فزاینده نسبت به مقیاس را تجربه می‌کنند ضمن اینکه در 79 درصد صنایع قیمت بیش از هزینه نهایی است. مطابق با معیار سهم هزینه نهاده‌ها در درآمد به عنوان معیار تئوریکی نسبت بازدهی نسبت به مقیاس به مارک آپ، رهیافت ساختاری این نسبت را در 53 درصد موارد نزدیکتر به واقعیت برآورد می‌کند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
رهیافت پسماند سولو
رهیافت ساختاری
صنایع کارخانه ای
مارک آپ
بازدهی نسبت به مقیاس

عنوان مقاله English

Simultaneous Estimation of Markup and Return to Scale in Manufacturing Industries of Iran

نویسندگان English

Somayeh Azami
Sajedeh Jalilian
Maryam Ahmadi
Razi University
چکیده English

The current study is an attempt to estimate markup and return to scale of 19 two-digit ISIC manufacturing industries of Iran, simultaneously, in accordance to Solow Residual and Structural approach, during the period 1995-2007. Based on Solow Residual approach, the neoclassical assumption of constant return to scale is approved within 95% of manufacturing industries; however in 84% of industries the price was higher than marginal cost significantly. Based on structural approach, 53% of manufacturing industries of Iran are experiencing increasing return to scale significantly; however, in 79% of industries, the price is higher than marginal cost. According to the criteria share of the cost of inputs in income as a theoretic criteria for return to scale-markup ratio, in 53% of cases, structural approach estimates this ratio closer to the reality.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Solow Residual Approach
Structural Approach
Manufacturing Industries
Markup
Return to Scale
Abayasiri-Silva, Kadura. (1999). Market Power in Australian Manufacturing Industry: A Confirmation of Hall's approach. General Paper, No. G. 132.
Abayasiri-Silva, Kadura. (1999). Market Power in Australian Manufacturing Industry: A Confirmation of Hall's approach. General Paper, No. G. 132.
Appelbaum, E., (1982).The Estimation of the Degree of Oligopoly Power. Journal of Econometrics,19(2-3), 287-299. [DOI:10.1016/0304-4076(82)90006-9]
Appelbaum, E., (1982).The Estimation of the Degree of Oligopoly Power. Journal of Econometrics,19(2-3), 287-299. [DOI:10.1016/0304-4076(82)90006-9]
Azzam, A. M., (1997). Measuring Market Power and Cost-Efficiency Effects of Industrial Concentration.The Journal of Industrial Economics,45(4), 377-386. [DOI:10.1111/1467-6451.00054]
Azzam, A. M., (1997). Measuring Market Power and Cost-Efficiency Effects of Industrial Concentration.The Journal of Industrial Economics,45(4), 377-386. [DOI:10.1111/1467-6451.00054]
Bartelsman, Eric. J., (1995). Of Empety Boxes: Returns to scale Revisited. Econ. Letters, 49, 59-67. [DOI:10.1016/0165-1765(94)00643-G]
Bartelsman, Eric. J., (1995). Of Empety Boxes: Returns to scale Revisited. Econ. Letters, 49, 59-67. [DOI:10.1016/0165-1765(94)00643-G]
Basu, S., J. G. Fernald. (1997). Returns to scale in U.S. Production: Estimates and Implications. Journal of Political Economy, 105(2), 249-283. [DOI:10.1086/262073]
Basu, S., J. G. Fernald. (1997). Returns to scale in U.S. Production: Estimates and Implications. Journal of Political Economy, 105(2), 249-283. [DOI:10.1086/262073]
Bresnahan, T., (1989). Empirical Studies of Industries with Market Power. In: R. Schmalensee and R. Willig (eds.), Handbook of Industrial Organization. North Holland, Amsterdam.
Bresnahan, T., (1989). Empirical Studies of Industries with Market Power. In: R. Schmalensee and R. Willig (eds.), Handbook of Industrial Organization. North Holland, Amsterdam.
Church, jefrrey and Roger Ware(2000). Industrial Organization: A Strategic Approach. McGraw-Hill, 423-451.
Church, jefrrey and Roger Ware(2000). Industrial Organization: A Strategic Approach. McGraw-Hill, 423-451.
Clarke, R., and Davies, S. W. (1982).Market Structure and Price-Cost Margins. Economica,49, 277-287. [DOI:10.2307/2553628]
Clarke, R., and Davies, S. W. (1982).Market Structure and Price-Cost Margins. Economica,49, 277-287. [DOI:10.2307/2553628]
Clowing, K. (1976).On the Theoretical Specification of Industrial Structure-Performance Relationships. European Economic Review, 8, 1-14. [DOI:10.1016/0014-2921(76)90038-6]
Clowing, K. (1976).On the Theoretical Specification of Industrial Structure-Performance Relationships. European Economic Review, 8, 1-14. [DOI:10.1016/0014-2921(76)90038-6]
Cowling, K., and Waterson, M. (1976). "Price-Cost Margins and Market Structure". Economica,43, 267-274. [DOI:10.2307/2553125]
Cowling, K., and Waterson, M. (1976). "Price-Cost Margins and Market Structure". Economica,43, 267-274. [DOI:10.2307/2553125]
Dashti, N., Yavari, K., and sabagh, M.(2009). Decomposing Total Factor Productivity Growth in Iran's Industrial Sector: an Econometric Approach. Quarterly journal of Quantitative Economics, 6(1), 101-128.(in Farsi).
Dashti, N., Yavari, K., and sabagh, M.(2009). Decomposing Total Factor Productivity Growth in Iran's Industrial Sector: an Econometric Approach. Quarterly journal of Quantitative Economics, 6(1), 101-128.(in Farsi).
Demsetz, H. (1973). Industry Structure, Market Rivalry, and Public Policy. Journal of Law & Economics,16, 1-9. [DOI:10.1086/466752]
Demsetz, H. (1973). Industry Structure, Market Rivalry, and Public Policy. Journal of Law & Economics,16, 1-9. [DOI:10.1086/466752]
Dickson, V. A. (1994). Aggregate Industry Cost Functions and the Herfindahl Index. Southern Economic Journal, 61, 445-452. [DOI:10.2307/1059991]
Dickson, V. A. (1994). Aggregate Industry Cost Functions and the Herfindahl Index. Southern Economic Journal, 61, 445-452. [DOI:10.2307/1059991]
Diewert, W. Ervin, Kevin, Fox. (2004). On the Estimation of returns to scale, technical progress and monopolistic markups. Researsh working paper.
Diewert, W. Ervin, Kevin, Fox. (2004). On the Estimation of returns to scale, technical progress and monopolistic markups. Researsh working paper.
Dobrinsky, Rumen, Gabor, Korosi, Nikolay, Markov & Laszlo, Halpern. (2004). Firms' Price Markups and Returns to scale in Imperfect markets: Bulgaria and Hungary. Research working paper. [DOI:10.2139/ssrn.600661]
Dobrinsky, Rumen, Gabor, Korosi, Nikolay, Markov & Laszlo, Halpern. (2004). Firms' Price Markups and Returns to scale in Imperfect markets: Bulgaria and Hungary. Research working paper. [DOI:10.2139/ssrn.600661]
Ebadi, J and Mosavi, S. (2006). Economies of Scale in Iranian Manufacturing Establishment. Iranian Economic Review,15,11,143-170.
Ebadi, J and Mosavi, S. (2006). Economies of Scale in Iranian Manufacturing Establishment. Iranian Economic Review,15,11,143-170.
Hall, Robert, E., (1988). The Relation between price and marginal cost in U.S. industry. Journal of political Economy, 96, 921-947. [DOI:10.1086/261570]
Hall, Robert, E., (1988). The Relation between price and marginal cost in U.S. industry. Journal of political Economy, 96, 921-947. [DOI:10.1086/261570]
Hall, Robert, E., (1990). Invariance Properties of solow's productivity Residual. In Growth/ Productivity/ unemployment. Edited by Peter Diamond. Cambridge, mass: MIT Press.
Hall, Robert, E., (1990). Invariance Properties of solow's productivity Residual. In Growth/ Productivity/ unemployment. Edited by Peter Diamond. Cambridge, mass: MIT Press.
Kee, Hiau Looi. (2002). Mark ups, returns to scale, and productivity: A case study of Singapore's manufacturing sector. Policy research working paper No. 2857. The world Bank, Washington D.C.
Kee, Hiau Looi. (2002). Mark ups, returns to scale, and productivity: A case study of Singapore's manufacturing sector. Policy research working paper No. 2857. The world Bank, Washington D.C.
khodadad kasha, F., Shahyaki Tash, M., and Noraniazad S.(2015). Evaluation of Mark-up, Market power and Cost efficiency in Iran's Manufacturing Industries. Quarterly Journal of Applied Economics studies in Iran, 3(12), 59-90. (in Farsi).
khodadad kasha, F., Shahyaki Tash, M., and Noraniazad S.(2015). Evaluation of Mark-up, Market power and Cost efficiency in Iran's Manufacturing Industries. Quarterly Journal of Applied Economics studies in Iran, 3(12), 59-90. (in Farsi).
Lopez, R. A., A. M. Azzam and C. Lirón-Espan ̃a, (2002). Market Power and/or Efficiency: A Structural Approach. Review of Industrial Organization,20(2): 115-126. [DOI:10.1023/A:1013867114881]
Lopez, R. A., A. M. Azzam and C. Lirón-Espan ̃a, (2002). Market Power and/or Efficiency: A Structural Approach. Review of Industrial Organization,20(2): 115-126. [DOI:10.1023/A:1013867114881]
Martins, J. O., Scar Petta & D. Pilat. (1996). Mark up ratios in manufacturing Industries, working Papers, No. 162, OECD. Olson, D. O. and Y. –N. Shieh, 19889. Estimating Functional Forms in Cost-Prices. European Economic Review, 33(7), 1445-1461.
Martins, J. O., Scar Petta & D. Pilat. (1996). Mark up ratios in manufacturing Industries, working Papers, No. 162, OECD. Olson, D. O. and Y. –N. Shieh, 19889. Estimating Functional Forms in Cost-Prices. European Economic Review, 33(7), 1445-1461.
Oehlert, G. W.,(1922). A Note on the Delta Method. American Statistician,46(1), 27-29.

https://doi.org/10.1080/00031305.1992.10475842 [DOI:10.2307/2684406]
Oehlert, G. W.,(1922). A Note on the Delta Method. American Statistician,46(1), 27-29.

https://doi.org/10.1080/00031305.1992.10475842 [DOI:10.2307/2684406]
Pajoyan, J., Khodadad Kashi, F., & Shahiki Tash, M. (2012). Assess the Gap between Price and Marginal Cost in the Industry of Iran (Cournot Approach). Quarterly journal of Quantitative Economics, 8(2), 95-121.(in Farsi). -Polemis, M. L.,(2014). Panel Data Estimation Techniques and Mark Up Ratios. European Research Studies, XVII(1), 69-84
Pajoyan, J., Khodadad Kashi, F., & Shahiki Tash, M. (2012). Assess the Gap between Price and Marginal Cost in the Industry of Iran (Cournot Approach). Quarterly journal of Quantitative Economics, 8(2), 95-121.(in Farsi). -Polemis, M. L.,(2014). Panel Data Estimation Techniques and Mark Up Ratios. European Research Studies, XVII(1), 69-84
Peltzman, S. (1977).The Gains and Losses from Industrial Concentration. Journal of Law & Economics, 20, 229-263. [DOI:10.1086/466902]
Peltzman, S. (1977).The Gains and Losses from Industrial Concentration. Journal of Law & Economics, 20, 229-263. [DOI:10.1086/466902]
Rezitis, A. N., M. A., Kalantzi,(2011).Investigating Market Structure of the Greek Food and Beverages Manufacturing Industry: a Hall-Roeger Approach. Working Paper.
Rezitis, A. N., M. A., Kalantzi,(2011).Investigating Market Structure of the Greek Food and Beverages Manufacturing Industry: a Hall-Roeger Approach. Working Paper.
Roeger, W., (1995). Can Imperfect competition Explain the Difference between Primal and Dual Productivity Measures? Estimates for U.S. Manufacturing. Journal of Political Economy, 103(2), 316-330. [DOI:10.1086/261985]
Roeger, W., (1995). Can Imperfect competition Explain the Difference between Primal and Dual Productivity Measures? Estimates for U.S. Manufacturing. Journal of Political Economy, 103(2), 316-330. [DOI:10.1086/261985]
Rosenbaum, D. (1994). Efficiency v. Collusion: Evidence Cast in Cement. Review of Industrial Organization, 9, 379-392. [DOI:10.1007/BF01029512]
Rosenbaum, D. (1994). Efficiency v. Collusion: Evidence Cast in Cement. Review of Industrial Organization, 9, 379-392. [DOI:10.1007/BF01029512]
Solow, R. M., (1957). Technical change and the Aggregate Production Function. Review of Economics & Statistics, 39, 312-320. [DOI:10.2307/1926047]
Solow, R. M., (1957). Technical change and the Aggregate Production Function. Review of Economics & Statistics, 39, 312-320. [DOI:10.2307/1926047]