عوامل پیشران بهره‌وری کل عوامل تولید در صنایع تولیدی ایران

نویسندگان
محمود محمودزاده
مهدی فتح آبادی
آزاد فیروزکوه
10.18869/acadpub.jemr.7.26.141
چکیده
هدف این مقاله «شناسایی عوامل پیشران بهره‌وری کل عوامل تولید در صنایع تولیدی ایران» است. بدین منظور بهره‌وری کل عوامل تولید 21 صنعت تولیدی به چهار عامل پیشرفت تکنولوژیکی، کارایی فنی، کارایی تخصیصی و اثرات مقیاس بر مبنای روش حسابداری رشد جدید در دوره 1379-90 تجزیه شده است. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد کشش تولیدی نیروی کار و سرمایه به ترتیب 57/0 و 13/0 بوده و بازدهی نسبت به مقیاس، کمتر از واحد است. محاسبات گویای این است که فقط 8 صنعت از 21 صنعت، رشد بهره‌وری را تجربه ‌کرده‌اند. در این میان، صنایع الکترونیکی و ارتباطاتی، پزشکی و اپتیکی و کاغذ بیشترین رشد بهره‌وری را داشته‌اند. بیشترین پیشرفت فنی در صنایع شیمیایی، کانی غیرفلزی، فلزات اساسی و وسایل نقلیه موتوری، تریلر و نیمه‌تریلر با نرخ رشد متوسط 11 درصد و کمترین رشد متعلق به صنعت پوشاک با نرخ رشد متوسط 7 درصد بوده است. اگرچه پیشرفت تکنولوژیکی (به عنوان عامل پیشران) سبب بهبود وضعیت بهره‌وری کل شده است؛ اما تغییرات کارایی فنی، اثرات مقیاس و کارایی تخصیصی اثرات آن را خنثی کرده‌اند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
پیشرفت تکنولوژیکی
کارایی فنی
کارایی تخصیصی
اثرات مقیاس
بهره‌وری کل
صنایع کارخانه‌ای

عنوان مقاله English

Driving Factors of Total Factor Productivity in Iranian Manufacturing Industries

نویسندگان English

mahmod mahmodzadeh
mehdi fathabadi
Azad university
چکیده English

The aim of this paper is decomposition of total factor productivity (TFP) growth to four factors technological progress, technical efficiency, allocative efficiency, scale effects in 21 manufacturing industries, using a panel data technique, during 2000-2011.Findings show that the production elasticity related to labor and capital is o.57 and 0.13, respectively and economy of scale is less than unit. Also, results indicate that productivity growth is positive only in 8 industries that include electronics, communications, paper, medical and optical industries. The decomposition reveals that, TP has been the main driving force of productivity growth- especially in chemical, non-metal mineral, primary metal, motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers- while negative efficiency changes, allocative efficiency and scales effects observed in certain industries have contributed to reduce average productivity growth.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Technological Progress
Technical Efficiency
Allocative Efficiency
Scale Effects
Manufacturing Industries
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