کاربرد تکنیک تحلیل شبکه در بررسی روابط چندجانبه تجاری ایران با مهم‌ترین شرکای تجاری در آسیا

نویسنده
منیره رفعت
دانشگاه اصفهان
10.29252/jemr.9.34.107
چکیده
در الگوها و مدل‌های تجاری سنتی معمولا، برای کالاهای قابل تجارت، شرکای بالقوه زیادی می‌تواند وجود داشته باشد، اما در نهایت تنها یک شریک تجاری (که ارائه دهنده بهترین قیمت است) باید انتخاب شود، بنابراین این الگوها روابط تجاری اندکی را بین کشورها (و به صورت یک طرفه) در نظر می‌گیرند، در حالیکه اگر ساختار تجارت بین المللی به عنوان یک شبکه توصیف شود، روابط گسترده‌تری که بین کشورها ست، مورد بررسی قرار می‌گیرد. هدف این مقاله آشنایی بیشتر با تکنیک تحلیل شبکه و محاسبه شاخص‌های تحلیل شبکه نظیر گره درجه، گره شدت و گره تفاوت در بررسی روابط تجاری ایران با شرکای اصلی آن در آسیا است. همچنین در این مقاله شاخص‌های روابط تجاری مرتبه بالاتر در تعاملات بین المللی نظیر شاخص خوشه‌بندی و مرکزیت، برای بررسی الگوی تجاری ایران و شرکای عمده آن در آسیا معرفی و محاسبه می‌شود. نتایج این مطالعه بر حسب مقادیر شاخص‌های گره درجه، گره شدت و گره تفاوت نشان داد کشورهای منتخب شرق آسیا، افزایش بیشتری در تعداد شرکای تجاری داشته اند یعنی در طی زمان به تعداد شریک‌های آنها اضافه شده است. ایران و شرکای تجاری اش در آسیا، در حال افزایش ارتباطات تجاری با کشورهایی هستند که تعداد شرکای تجاری بیشتری دارند. همچنین شاخص همجواری نشان داد که ایران و کشورهای آسیایی به دنبال ارتقا ارتباطات تجاری با کشورهایی هستند که ساختار تجاری مشابهی با آنها دارد. بر اساس شاخص مرکزیت مشخص شد که در بین کشورهای مورد مطالعه تنها کشور چین با شاخص 97/0 در هسته شبکه تجارت جهانی قرار گرفته است. کشورهای امارات، تایوان، کره و تایلند به ترتیب با مقادیر 94/0، 92/0، 94/0 و 91/0 در حاشبه مرتبه اول و کشور ترکیه با مقدار 87/0 در حاشیه مرتبه دوم تجارت جهانی قرار داشته اند اما ایران با مقدار 72/0 بیرون از حاشیه شبکه تجارت جهانی جای گرفته است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
تحلیل شبکه
شبکه تجارت جهانی
ساختار تجاری

عنوان مقاله English

The Application of Complex Networks Analysis to Assess Iran's Trade and It's Most Important Trading Partners in Asia

نویسنده English

Monireh Rafat
University of Isfahan
چکیده English

The existing trade models suggest that for tradable goods potential partners can be many, but eventually only one (the one offering the best price) should be selected, therefore relatively few (unidirectional) trade links will appear between countries. If the structure of international trade flows describes as a network, trade link would give rise between countries. This paper exploit recently-developed indicators based on network analysis such as node-degree, node-strength and node-disparity, and second-degree characteristics such as node-clustering and centrality indicators to investigate the pattern of international trade pattern followed by Iran and its Asian partner. The results of this study show that East Asian countries, have had a greater increase in the number of trade partners. Iran and its trading partners in Asia, is growing trade links with countries that have more trading partners. Nearest neighbor degree index show that selected countries are looking to improve relations with countries that have more similarities with his own country. Based on the centrality, it was found that only China with the centrality index of .97 is in the core of global trade network. Emirates, Taiwan, Korea and Thailand respectively with values of .94, .92, .94 and .91 are in the inner-periphery and Turkey with a value of 0.87 is in secondary-periphery. Iran with a value of 0.72 is in outside of the global trade network

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Networking Analysis
Global Trade Network
Trade Structure
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