اثر آموزش بر دستمزد نیروی کار در خانوارهای شهری ایران مبتنی بر رگرسیون چندکی

نویسندگان
محسن مهرآرا
قاسم الهی
دانشگاه تهران
10.29252/jemr.10.38.153
چکیده
هدف این مقاله بررسی تاثیر تحصیلات و تجربه کاری بر درآمد ناشی از کار افراد است. بدین منظور با استفاده از داده های هزینه و درآمد بودجه خانوار کشور ایران در سال 1395، معادله دریافتی مینسر مبتنی بر روش رگرسیون چندکی برآورد شده است. نتایج برآورد نشان می­ دهد که هرچند نرخ بازدهی آموزش در همه دهک­ های دریافتی مثبت بوده اما تحصیلات در دهک ­های پایین دریافتی اثر مثبت قوی­تری نسبت به دهک­های بالاتر، بر دریافتی افراد داشته است. همچنین متوسط اثرات نهایی متغیر تجربه بر درآمد افراد اثر مثبت داشته و این اثر نیز در دهک ­های پایین به مراتب قوی تر از دهک­های بالای دریافتی بوده است. ضرایب متغیر جنسیت نشان می­هد که زن بودن در همه دهک ­های دریافتی اثر منفی بر درآمد افراد داشته اما این اثر در دهک­های پایین دریافتی بسیار قوی­تر بوده که این موضوع دلالت بر تبعیض جنسیتی بیشتر علیه زنان در دهک ­های پایین دریافتی دارد. بر اساس تجزیه ماچادو و ماتا، تبعیض جنسیتی (شکاف دریافتی زنان و مردان) در دهک اول 30- درصد و در دهک نهم 5/4- درصد به زیان زنان شاغل بوده است، تحصیلات زنان این شکاف را تاحدی به نفع زنان کاهش داده است. مطابق نتایج حاصله بازدهی تحصیلات در ایران به مراتب کمتر از بسیاری از دیگر کشورهای جهان می­باشد. لذا تجدید نظر در شیوه­ها و ساختارهای آموزشی به ویژه هدایت آنها معطوف به نیازهای بازار کار و صرفه های اقتصادی ضروری است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
تحصیلات
تجربه کاری
معادله دریافتی مینسر
رگرسیون چندکی

عنوان مقاله English

The Effect of Education on Labor Wages in Iranian Urban Households Based on Quantile Regression

نویسندگان English

Mohsen Mehrara
Ghasem elahi
University of Tehran
چکیده English

The purpose of this article is to examine the impact of education and work experience on earning. For this purpose, Mincer’s wage equation, quantile regression estimation method and the microdata from Iranian survey of household income and expenses in 2016 have been used. Estimation results show that education returns are positive in all income quantiles, and education in lower-income quantiles has a stronger positive effect than in higher-income quantiles. Also, the average experience have a positive effect on the earnings of individuals, with a stronger effects in low-income quantiles than high-income quantiles. Gender coefficients show that female earnings in all income quantiles are much lower than males, but this negative effect was much bigger in lower-income quantiles, implying gender-based discrimination against women in low-income quantiles. According to Machado and Mata's decomposition, gender discrimination (against females) was estimated, -30% in the first decile, and -4.5% in the ninth decile. Women's education has narrowed the gap somewhat on behalf of women. According to the results, education efficiency in Iran is far lower than many other countries in the world. Therefore, it is necessary to reform educational structures, in particular to guide them towards labor market needs and economic benefits.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Education
Work Experience
Mincer Earning Equation
Quantile regression
Afshari, Z. (1998). The effect of higher education on earnings in Iran employees by using the Mincer model. Journal of research and planning on higher education, 17, 59-78. (In Persian)
Afshari, Z. (1998). The effect of higher education on earnings in Iran employees by using the Mincer model. Journal of research and planning on higher education, 17, 59-78. (In Persian)
Bhatti, S. (2013). Estimation of the Mincerian wage model and different econometrics issues. PHD dissertation. University de Bourgogne.
Bhatti, S. (2013). Estimation of the Mincerian wage model and different econometrics issues. PHD dissertation. University de Bourgogne.
Chiswick, B. R. (2003). Jacob Mincer, experience and the distribution of earning. IZA Discussion paper. No. 87. [DOI:10.1023/B:REHO.0000004794.43782.55]
Chiswick, B. R. (2003). Jacob Mincer, experience and the distribution of earning. IZA Discussion paper. No. 87. [DOI:10.1023/B:REHO.0000004794.43782.55]
Depcken, C., Chiseni, C. & Ita, E. (2019). Returns to Education in South Africa: Evidence from the National Income Dynamics Study. Zagreb International Review of Economics & Business, 22(1), 1-12. [DOI:10.2478/zireb-2019-0009]
Depcken, C., Chiseni, C. & Ita, E. (2019). Returns to Education in South Africa: Evidence from the National Income Dynamics Study. Zagreb International Review of Economics & Business, 22(1), 1-12. [DOI:10.2478/zireb-2019-0009]
Dezhpasand, F., Arabmazar, A. & Seyfi, Shapur. (2016). Study the impact of education and experience on earning. Journal of economics and modeling. 7(25), 75-101. (In Persian)
Dezhpasand, F., Arabmazar, A. & Seyfi, Shapur. (2016). Study the impact of education and experience on earning. Journal of economics and modeling. 7(25), 75-101. (In Persian)
Eide, E. R. & Showalter, M. H. (2010). Human capital, in economics of education, Edited by: Dominic J. Brewer and Patrick J. McEwan, Oxford, Academic Press, 27-32. [DOI:10.1016/B978-0-08-044894-7.01213-6]
Eide, E. R. & Showalter, M. H. (2010). Human capital, in economics of education, Edited by: Dominic J. Brewer and Patrick J. McEwan, Oxford, Academic Press, 27-32. [DOI:10.1016/B978-0-08-044894-7.01213-6]
Emadzadeh, M., Samadpur, N., Ranjbar, H. & Firuzeh, A. (2014). The Effect of Education on health in Iran: A Production Function Approach. Journal of economic modeling research, 4(15), 147-178. (In Persian)
Emadzadeh, M., Samadpur, N., Ranjbar, H. & Firuzeh, A. (2014). The Effect of Education on health in Iran: A Production Function Approach. Journal of economic modeling research, 4(15), 147-178. (In Persian)
Falahati, A., Fattahi, S. & Goli, S. (2017). Demand for education and estimating the share of education in income inequality. Journal of quantity economics, 11(37), 23-44. (In Persian)
Falahati, A., Fattahi, S. & Goli, S. (2017). Demand for education and estimating the share of education in income inequality. Journal of quantity economics, 11(37), 23-44. (In Persian)
Gunawan, E. (2012) International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity Studies, 4(1), 1309-8063 (Online)
Gunawan, E. (2012) International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity Studies, 4(1), 1309-8063 (Online)
Harmon, C., Hogan, V. & Walker, I. (2002). "Dispersion in the economic return to schooling". Labor economics, 10(2), 205-214. [DOI:10.1016/S0927-5371(03)00003-4]
Harmon, C., Hogan, V. & Walker, I. (2002). "Dispersion in the economic return to schooling". Labor economics, 10(2), 205-214. [DOI:10.1016/S0927-5371(03)00003-4]
Jannati Moshkani, A., Sameti, m., Khosh akhlagh, R., Esfahani, R. & Emadzadeh, M. (2011). The Impact of Education Costs on Human Capital and Economic Growth Using Computable General Equilibrium Model. Journal of economic modeling research, 2(5), 103-130. (In Persian)
Jannati Moshkani, A., Sameti, m., Khosh akhlagh, R., Esfahani, R. & Emadzadeh, M. (2011). The Impact of Education Costs on Human Capital and Economic Growth Using Computable General Equilibrium Model. Journal of economic modeling research, 2(5), 103-130. (In Persian)
Keshavarz, G. & Javaheri, M. (2017). overeducation and Wages in the Labor Market: Evidence from Iranian microeconomics Data. Journal of economic research, 52(2), 345-368. (In Persian)
Keshavarz, G. & Javaheri, M. (2017). overeducation and Wages in the Labor Market: Evidence from Iranian microeconomics Data. Journal of economic research, 52(2), 345-368. (In Persian)
Mahdavi, A. & Piruzrahi, Z. (2018). Assessment of private return rate of postgraduate education in Iran using multilevel models. Journal of research and planning on higher education, 4, 145-162. (In Persian)
Mahdavi, A. & Piruzrahi, Z. (2018). Assessment of private return rate of postgraduate education in Iran using multilevel models. Journal of research and planning on higher education, 4, 145-162. (In Persian)
Mincer, J. (1960). "Investment in human capital and personal income distribution". Journal of political economy, 66, 281-302. [DOI:10.1086/258055]
Mincer, J. (1960). "Investment in human capital and personal income distribution". Journal of political economy, 66, 281-302. [DOI:10.1086/258055]
Mincer, J. (1974). "Schooling, experience and earning". Columbia UN. Press, New York.
Mincer, J. (1974). "Schooling, experience and earning". Columbia UN. Press, New York.
Mook, P., Patrinos, H. & Venkataraman, M. (1999). Education and Earnings in a transition economy the case of Vietnam. Economics of education review, 22(5), 503-510. [DOI:10.1016/S0272-7757(03)00039-6]
Mook, P., Patrinos, H. & Venkataraman, M. (1999). Education and Earnings in a transition economy the case of Vietnam. Economics of education review, 22(5), 503-510. [DOI:10.1016/S0272-7757(03)00039-6]
Naderi, A., Rameshi, R. & Nami, K. (2013). Rates of Education Efficiency in Iran by Gender of Employed Graduates and Type of Education. Journal of educational planning studies, 5, 30-42. (In Persian)
Naderi, A., Rameshi, R. & Nami, K. (2013). Rates of Education Efficiency in Iran by Gender of Employed Graduates and Type of Education. Journal of educational planning studies, 5, 30-42. (In Persian)
Psacharopoulos, G. & Patrinos, H. (2018). Returns to Investment in Education: A Decennial Review of the Global Literature. World Bank, policy research working papers, 2018-04. [DOI:10.1596/1813-9450-8402]
Psacharopoulos, G. & Patrinos, H. (2018). Returns to Investment in Education: A Decennial Review of the Global Literature. World Bank, policy research working papers, 2018-04. [DOI:10.1596/1813-9450-8402]
Psacharopoulos, G. & Patrinos, H. A. (2004). Returns to investment in education: A further update. Education economics, 12(2), 111-134. [DOI:10.1080/0964529042000239140]
Psacharopoulos, G. & Patrinos, H. A. (2004). Returns to investment in education: A further update. Education economics, 12(2), 111-134. [DOI:10.1080/0964529042000239140]
Romele, L. & Purgailis, M. (2013). Estimation of private and social rates of return to investments in education in Lativa. European Integration studies, 7, 51-59. [DOI:10.5755/j01.eis.0.7.5088]
Romele, L. & Purgailis, M. (2013). Estimation of private and social rates of return to investments in education in Lativa. European Integration studies, 7, 51-59. [DOI:10.5755/j01.eis.0.7.5088]
Romele, L. & Purgailis, M. (2013). Estimation of private and social rates of return to investments in education in Latvia. European Integration Studies, 7, 51-59. [DOI:10.5755/j01.eis.0.7.5088]
Romele, L. & Purgailis, M. (2013). Estimation of private and social rates of return to investments in education in Latvia. European Integration Studies, 7, 51-59. [DOI:10.5755/j01.eis.0.7.5088]
Rossi, A. & Hersch, J. (2008). Double your major, double your return?. Journal of economics of education review, 27, 375-386. [DOI:10.1016/j.econedurev.2007.03.001]
Rossi, A. & Hersch, J. (2008). Double your major, double your return?. Journal of economics of education review, 27, 375-386. [DOI:10.1016/j.econedurev.2007.03.001]
Schultz, T. (1960), Capital formation by education. Journal of political Economy, 68(6), 571-583. [DOI:10.1086/258393]
Schultz, T. (1960), Capital formation by education. Journal of political Economy, 68(6), 571-583. [DOI:10.1086/258393]
Stevens, H., Kurlaender, M. & Grosz, M. (2019). Career Technical Education and Labor Market Outcomes Evidence from California Community College, 54(4), 986-1026 [DOI:10.3368/jhr.54.4.1015.7449R2]
Stevens, H., Kurlaender, M. & Grosz, M. (2019). Career Technical Education and Labor Market Outcomes Evidence from California Community College, 54(4), 986-1026 [DOI:10.3368/jhr.54.4.1015.7449R2]