تعیین حداقل دستمزد بهینه در چارچوب یک مدل تعادل عمومی پویای تصادفی (مطالعه موردی ایران)

نویسندگان
مهدی ساجدی 1
عباس امینی فرد 1
مسعود نونژاد 2
علی حقیقت 2
1 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی شیراز
2 دانشگاه آزاد شیراز
چکیده
در این مقاله در چارچوب مکتب کینزی جدید، به منظور تعیین سیاست حداقل دستمزد بهینه در ایران، یک مدل تعادل عمومی پویای تصادفی(DSGE) برای یک اقتصاد باز و کوچک صادر کننده نفت، متناسب با ساختار اقتصاد ایران در دامنه زمانی1370 لغایت 1398 شبیه‌سازی و برآورد شده است. در این مدل چسبندگی‌های اسمی و عادات مصرفی و کاری در بخش مصرف‌ و تولید در نظر گرفته و ضمن طبقه بندی بازار کار به دو بخش نیروی کار حداقل دستمزد بگیر و نیروی کار متخصص مدل به صورت 4 بخشی در نظر گرفته شده است. در این مطالعه به این سوال پاسخ داده می شود که انتخاب حداقل دستمزد سالیانه بر اساس کدامیک از شاخص‌های رشد تورم دستمزد کل و یا مجموع رشد تورم و بهره‌وری نیروی کار در شرایطی که اقتصاد در معرض تکانه‌های ناشی از مارک‌آپ (اضافه بهاء) دستمزد و قیمت و سیاست‌های پولی و مالی قرار دارد، بهینه بوده و باعث کمترین انحراف بر روی متغیرهای اقتصاد کلان می‌شود. بر این اساس در این مطالعه 3 سناریو طراحی و اثر حداقل دستمزد در چارچوب شاخص‌های مذکور بر متغیرهای اقتصادی مورد بررسی و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج حاصل از شبیه‌سازی و برآورد این مدل که حاکی از تطابق گشتاورهای داده‌های شبیه‌سازی شده با داده‌های دنیای واقعی و بر پایه کالیبراسیون در هر 3 سناریو است، نشان می‌دهد که انتخاب شاخص مجموع رشد تورم و بهره‌وری عوامل تولید برای تعدیل سیاست حداقل دستمزد، اگرچه دارای اثرات سیکلی بر تورم است، اما در مقایسه با سایر سناریوها دارای کمترین انحراف منفی بر متغیرهای اقتصادی بوده و می‌تواند به عنوان شاخص بهینه برای انتخاب حداقل دستمزد در شورای عالی کار کشور مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
مدل تعادل عمومی پویای تصادفی
سیاست حداقل دستمزد بهینه
مکتب کینزی‌های جدید
متغیرهای کلان اقتصادی

عنوان مقاله English

Determining the Optimal Minimum Wage in the Framework of a Stochastic Dynamic General Equilibrium Model (Case Study of Iran)

نویسندگان English

Mehdi Sajedi 1
Abbas Amini Fard 1
Masoud Nunezhad 2
Ali Haghighat 2
1 Social Security Organization
2 Islamic Azad University of Shiraz
چکیده English

In this paper, in order to determine the optimal minimum wage policy in Iran, in the framework of the new Keynesian theory, a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model was estimated for a small and open oil-exporting economy, according to the structure of Iran's economy in the time range of 1190 to 2019. In this model, the nominal rigidity and work habits in the supply and demand sectors are considered, and in order to simulation the economic conditions of the country, meanwhile classify the labor market in two parts; the skilled (whose maximizes its wage based on its utility) and unskilled labor, the model has considered to four parts. The main purpose of this study is to answer the question of determining and adjusting the annual minimum wage based on which of the indicators of inflation, the growth of the total wage and a combination of inflation indicators and productivity of production factors, in a situation where the economy is exposed to markup of wages and prices shocks, supply and the demand of the economy and monetary and financial policies, was optimal and it causes the least negative fluctuation (deviation) on macroeconomic variables including inflation, employment, production, consumption and investment. Based on this study, three scenarios were designed and the effect of minimum wage on economic variables was analyzed. The results of the simulation and estimation of this model, which indicate the matching of the moments of the simulated data with the real world data and based on calibration in all three scenarios, it shows that the selection sum of inflation growth and the productivity indexes to adjust the minimum wage policy, although it has cyclical effects on inflation, in comparison to other scenarios, it has the least negative deviation on economic variables and can be used as an optimal indicator for choosing the minimum wage in the Supreme Labor Council of the country.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Dynamic Random Equilibrium Model
Optimal Minimum Wage Policy
New Keynesian Thori
Macroeconomic Variables
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