برنامه ریزی بلندمدت برق در ایران در چارچوب توافقنامه پاریس

نویسندگان
حسین حافظی
سیاب ممی پور
دانشگاه خوارزمی
چکیده
یکی از بزرگ‌ترین چالش‌های جهانی در چند دهه اخیر که به‌صورت چشمگیری افزایش‌یافته است، مسئله تغییرات اقلیمی است. از مهم‌ترین علل ایجاد تغییرات اقلیمی می­ توان به انتشار گازهای گلخانه ­ای به‌ویژه CO2 ناشی از مصرف سوخت‌های فسیلی اشاره کرد. ایران با انتشار 745 میلیون تن CO2 در سال 2020 رتبه ششم آلوده­ کننده­ کشور جهان قرار دارد. بر اساس گزارش ترازنامه انرژی حدود 30 درصد از کل انتشار کربن ایران متعلق به بخش نیروگاه‌های تولیدکننده برق می ­باشد. ازاین­ رو، هدف اصلی این مطالعه، برنامه ­ریزی بلندمدت عرضه و تقاضای برق جهت کاهش میزان انتشار کربن مطابق تعهدات ایران در قالب توافقنامه پاریس است. برای این منظور، در سمت عرضه برق، از مدل MESSAGE جهت برنامه­ ریزی سیستم تولید برق با در نظر گرفتن پتانسیل ­های تجدیدپذیر در طی دوره 2021-2050 استفاده‌شده است و در سمت تقاضای برق، با استفاده از مدل ARDL مقادیر تقاضای برق تحت سناریوهای اصلاح یارانه قیمتی، پیش‌بینی‌شده و در برنامه ­ریزی بلندمدت سیستم عرضه برق کشور مورداستفاده قرارگرفته است. نتایج حاصل از مدل ARDL نشان می ­دهد که اصلاح کامل یارانه قیمت برق منجر به کاهش 10 درصدی تقاضای برق در طول دوره برنامه­ ریزی می ­شود. لذا سیاست اصلاح یارانه می­ تواند در کنترل سمت تقاضا تا حدودی مؤثر باشد. نتایج حاصل از مدل MESSAGE حاکی از آن است که استفاده از پتانسیل­ های تجدیدپذیر شناسایی‌شده در استان­ های مختلف در برنامه ­ریزی سمت عرضه برق، تأثیر بسزایی در دستیابی ایران به تعهدات خود مطابق توافقنامه پاریس دارد. بااین‌حال، انتشار CO2 در بخش برق ایران در کوتاه­ مدت قابل‌کنترل نیست و میزان انتشار دی‌اکسید کربن تا 10 سال آینده (2020-2030) نه‌تنها کاهش نمی ­یابد بلکه میزان انتشار آن افزایش می ­یابد. اما در بلندمدت (یعنی بازه زمانی 2050-2040)، انتشار CO2 به میزان چشمگیری قابل‌کنترل است. نتایج نشان می­ دهد در صورت برنامه­ ریزی سیستم برق کشور مطابق با سناریو منتخب (تکنولوژی­ های سبز همراه با اصلاح یارانه قیمت برق)، سهم تکنولوژی­ های تجدیدپذیر می­ تواند از 6% در سال 2020 به ترتیب به 15%، 50% و 78% در سال­ های 2030، 2040 و 2050 افزایش یابد. بنابراین، انتشار کربن در بخش تولید برق در سال­ های 2040 و 2050 نسبت به سال 2020 می ­تواند به ترتیب 20% و 54% کاهش یابد.


کلیدواژه‌ها
تغییرات اقلیمی
توافق‌نامه پاریس
یارانه انرژی
پتانسیل‌های تجدید پذیر
مدل MESSAGE
مدل ARDL

عنوان مقاله English

The Long-term Electricity Planning in Iran under the Paris Agreement

نویسندگان English

Hossein Hafezi
Siab Mamipour
Kharazmi university
چکیده English

Climate change has emerged as a significant global challenge, with its impact increasing rapidly in recent decades. The consumption of fossil fuels, which leads to the emission of greenhouse gases like CO2, is a major contributor to climate change. Iran, ranked as the sixth most polluted country in the world, emitted a staggering 745 million tons of CO2 in 2020. Notably, the power plants sector in Iran accounts for roughly 30% of its total carbon emissions. As a result, the main objective of this paper is to engage in long-term planning for electricity supply and demand in Iran, aiming to reduce carbon emissions in line with the country's obligations under the Paris Agreement. To achieve this goal, we utilized the MESSAGE model to design an electricity generation system that takes into account the potential of renewable sources from 2021 to 2050. Additionally, the ARDL model was employed to estimate electricity demand under various scenarios, including subsidy reforms. These predictions were then incorporated into the long-term planning process for Iran's electricity supply system. The findings of the ARDL model highlight that the subsidy reform strategy leads to a 10% decrease in electricity demand throughout the planning period, indicating effective control over the demand side. On the other hand, the MESSAGE model's findings reveal that Iran's ability to fulfill its responsibilities under the Paris Agreement heavily relies on the utilization of renewable potentials across different regions in power supply planning. While carbon dioxide emissions in Iran's electrical sector are not expected to be reduced in the near future (2020 to 2030). However, in the long term (2040 to 2050), significant reductions in CO2 emissions can be achieved. According to the findings, if the electricity system in Iran is designed in accordance with a chosen scenario that incorporates green technologies and subsidy reforms, the share of renewable technologies can increase from 6% in 2020 to 15%, 50%, and 78% in 2030, 2040, and 2050, respectively. Consequently, carbon emissions in the power generation sector can be reduced by 20% and 54% in 2040 and 2050, respectively, compared to 2020 levels.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Climate Change
Paris Agreement
Energy Subsidy
Renewable Potential
MESSAGE Model
ARDL model
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