Investigating the effects of globalization and energy consumption on carbon dioxide emissions in Iran: the application of particle swarm optimization algorithm in fuzzy regression model with symmetric and asymmetric coefficients

Authors
Reza Etesami 1
Mostafa Lashkari 2
Mohsen Madadi 1
Reza ashrafganjoei 3
Mashallah mashinchi 1
1 Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman
2 Islamic Azad University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
3 University of Sistan & Baluchestan
Abstract
Although many factors in economic growth and development are scientific, but the global impact and energy consumption have a prominent role in the economy according to the evidence. In the meantime, we should not ignore the consequences of environmental destruction. In the present study, the effect of uncertainty of globalization and energy consumption on CO2 gas emission has been investigated with the help of fuzzy regression model with symmetric and asymmetric coefficient for the time period of 1369-1400. According to the average scale of the phased vessel model, the three boundaries and the bottom are calculated for each of the investigated changes under different uncertainty conditions using the particle swarm algorithm. Examining the effect of the limits related to the uncertainty of globalization and energy consumption on the amount of CO2 gas emissions indicates that as the degree of membership approaches 0.1 to the degree of membership 0.9, first, the amount of CO2 gas emissions up to be Membership increased by 0.4 and then decreased in a downward trend of CO2 emissions. This impressive trend is also true for the middle and lower limits. From this, it can be stated that the effect of the uncertainty of energy consumption on the amount of CO2 emissions is similar to an inverted U. It is noteworthy that the trend of energy consumption compared to globalization increases the amount of CO2 emissions, so it can be said that the amount of CO2 emissions is not the result of the refugee hypothesis.
Keywords
Uncertainty
Globalization
Energy Consumption
CO2 Emissions
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